Evidence mapPaperPMID 40995490Full record

ReviewEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.)2025

A Review of the Evidence of the Toxicity of Chemical Substances Included in the European Union Ambient Air Quality and Drinking Water Directives: Perspectives for Health Impact Assessments.

Hans Orru, Wasif Raza, Francesco Forastiere, Joseph Spadaro, Henrik Olstrup, Nataša Dragic, Ivana Radic, Sanja Harhaji, Sanja Bijelovic, Lars Modig and 7 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Environment & health (Washington, D.C.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Hans OrruUnit of Sustainable Health, Umea University, Umea 901 87, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-9451
Wasif RazaUnit of Sustainable Health, Umea University, Umea 901 87, Sweden.
Francesco ForastiereNational Research Council, IFT, Palermo 90146, Italy.
Joseph SpadaroSpadaro Environmental Research Consultants (SERC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19142, United States.
Henrik OlstrupUnit of Sustainable Health, Umea University, Umea 901 87, Sweden.
Nataša DragicFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
Ivana RadicFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
Sanja HarhajiFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
Sanja BijelovicFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
Lars ModigUnit of Sustainable Health, Umea University, Umea 901 87, Sweden.
Mike HollandEcometrics Research and Consulting (EMRC), RG8 7PW Reading, U.K.
Sandrine AndresInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatt 60550, France.
Adrien TroiseInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatt 60550, France.
Antoine GuionInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatt 60550, France.
Alicia GressentInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatt 60550, France.
Jörg SchullehnerDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Johan Nilsson SommarUnit of Sustainable Health, Umea University, Umea 901 87, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The European Union (EU) Ambient Air Quality Directive (AAQD) and Drinking Water Directive (DWD) are aimed at maintaining and improving air quality and ensuring high standards for potable water across the EU. Besides several other indicators, the AAQD and DWD consist of chemical parameters (substances or substance groups) that are regulated within this framework. All the substances are associated with various health outcomes, and many of them are classified as carcinogenic or probably/possibly carcinogenic with causal links. To quantify the health burden of the chemical substances included in the AAQD and DWD, we need information regarding population exposure, current baseline mortality/morbidity rates in the populations, and exposure-response functions (ERFs) or unit risks (URs) from previous epidemiological studies. During this study, we analyzed the availability of ERFs or URs and discussed their applicability in health impact assessments (HIAs). From the HIA perspective, ERFsin terms of relative risk (RR), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), odds ratio (OR), or UR datawere available for many of the analyzed substances. However, for some substances such as acrylamide, antimony, boron, chlorate and chlorite, copper, microcystin-LR, and selenium, no risk measures could be identified. The aim of this study is to derive ERFs, which will allow HIAs for a larger number of chemicals when exposure data and baseline mortality/morbidity data are available. Currently, HIAs have largely focused only on main ambient pollutants such as particulate matter (PM

Indexed as

air pollutionchemicalsdrinking waterhealthpolicyrisk

Identifiers

PMID40995490
PMCPMC12455347

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.