Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40997679›Full record

ArticlePsychiatry research. Neuroimaging2025

Incarcerated adolescents scoring high on the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale are characterized by impairments within brain regions associated with executive control: A source-based morphometry study.

J Michael Maurer, Corey H Allen, Samantha N Rodriguez, Keith A Harenski, David D Stephenson, Bethany G Edwards, Nathaniel E Anderson, Carla L Harenski, Vince D Calhoun, Kent A Kiehl

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

J Michael MaurerThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Electronic address: mmaurer@mrn.org.
Corey H AllenThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Samantha N RodriguezThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Keith A HarenskiThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
David D StephensonThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Bethany G EdwardsThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Nathaniel E AndersonThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Carla L HarenskiThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Vince D CalhounTri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kent A KiehlThe Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Electronic address: kkiehl@mrn.org.

Funding

Externalizing outcomes in high risk youthR01HD092331 · NICHD · THE MIND RESEARCH NETWORK · PI KIEHL, KENT A · 2017 to 2022
$3.5M
NEUROCOGNITIVE ASSESSMENT OF 'CALLOUS' CONDUCT DISORDERED YOUTHR01MH071896 · NIMH · THE MIND RESEARCH NETWORK · PI KIEHL, KENT A · 2006 to 2010
$1.7M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD092331NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071896
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Initially designed to assess executive control deficits for individuals meeting criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) is now frequently used to assess such deficits more broadly. However, no existing studies have investigated whether individuals scoring high on the BADDS are characterized by impairments within higher-order brain regions associated with executive control. Here, we investigated this association among incarcerated adolescents (205 boys and 35 girls). We incorporated the use of source-based morphometry (SBM), a data-driven, multivariate approach to identify large-scale structural brain networks. In separate analyses performed with incarcerated boys and girls, we observed that higher BADDS total scores were related to reduced loading coefficients in SBM components comprised of brain regions associated with executive control (e.g., superior/middle frontal gyrus, superior/inferior parietal lobule, and middle temporal gyrus). These structural impairments suggest participants scoring high on the BADDS are characterized by executive control deficits, including domains such as self-regulation, working memory, and sustained attention. Our results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that the BADDS serves as a reliable measure of executive control deficits. Further, our results support the use of the BADDS in samples beyond individuals strictly meeting criteria for ADHD.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBrainExecutive FunctionPrisonersAdolescentFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeuropsychological TestsExecutive control deficitsExecutive control networkExecutive dysfunctionSource-based morphometryStructural MRI

Identifiers

PMID40997679
PMCPMC12529667

What Socratic holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.