Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40997804›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2025

Large language model as clinical decision support system augments medication safety in 16 clinical specialties.

Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong, Liyuan Jin, Kabilan Elangovan, Gilbert Yong San Lim, Daniel Yan Zheng Lim, Gerald Gui Ren Sng, Yu He Ke, Joshua Yi Min Tung, Ryan Jian Zhong, Christopher Ming Yao Koh and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Ethical Considerations in Personal Health Large Language Models.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Jasmine Chiat Ling OngDivision of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Liyuan JinDuke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Health Services, Artificial Intelligence Office, Singapore, Singapore.
Kabilan ElangovanSingapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Health Services, Artificial Intelligence Office, Singapore, Singapore.
Gilbert Yong San LimSingapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Health Services, Artificial Intelligence Office, Singapore, Singapore.
Daniel Yan Zheng LimDepartment of Gastroenterology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Gerald Gui Ren SngData Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Yu He KeDepartment of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Joshua Yi Min TungData Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Ryan Jian ZhongDivision of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Christopher Ming Yao KohDivision of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Keane Zhi Hao LeeDivision of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Xiang ChenDivision of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Jack Kian Ch'ngDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Aung ThanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Ken Junyang GohDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Chuan Poh LimDivision of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Tat Ming NgDivision of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Nan LiuDuke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Daniel Shu Wei TingDuke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Health Services, Artificial Intelligence Office, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: daniel.ting.s.w@singhealth.com.sg.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as tools to support healthcare delivery, from automating tasks to aiding clinical decision-making. This study evaluated LLMs as alternative to rule-based alert systems, focusing on their ability to identify prescribing errors. This was designed as a prospective, cross-over, open-label study involving 91 error scenarios based on 40 clinical vignettes across 16 medical and surgical specialties. We developed and validated five LLM models using a retrieval-augmented generation framework. The best-performing model evaluated three different implementation strategies: LLM-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) alone, pharmacist plus LLM-based CDSS (co-pilot), and pharmacist alone. The co-pilot arm demonstrated the best performance with an accuracy of 61% (precision 0.57, recall 0.61, and F1 0.59). In detecting errors posing serious harm, the co-pilot mode increased accuracy by 1.5-fold over the pharmacist alone. Effective LLM integration for complex tasks like medication chart reviews can enhance healthcare professional performance, improving patient safety.

Indexed as

Decision Support Systems, ClinicalMedication ErrorsCross-Over StudiesHumansLanguageLarge Language ModelsPatient SafetyProspective Studiesclinical-AI collaborationco-pilotlarge language modelsmedication safetypharmacy

Identifiers

PMID40997804
PMCPMC12629785

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.