Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40998785›Full record

ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy2025

Reprogramming of cancer metabolism via photoresponsive nano-PROTAC enhances pyroptosis-mediated immunotherapy.

Byeongmin Park, Jiwoong Choi, Jae-Hyeon Lee, Yelee Kim, Woohyeong Lee, Ansoo Lee, In-Cheol Sun, Hong Yeol Yoon, Yongju Kim, Sun Hwa Kim and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Supramolecular Degraders: An Emerging Paradigm in Targeted Protein Degradation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Leveraging Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Byeongmin Park *Biomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jiwoong Choi *Biomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jae-Hyeon Lee *BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0009-0000-3405-198X
Yelee KimBiomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Woohyeong LeeBiomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ansoo LeeBiomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
In-Cheol SunBiomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hong Yeol YoonBiomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yongju KimKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sun Hwa KimBiomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yoosoo YangDepartment of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3279-4362
Kwangmeyung KimCollege of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jooho ParkBK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea. [email protected].ORCID 0000-0001-6332-3278
Man Kyu ShimBiomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea. [email protected].ORCID 0009-0008-2135-2968

Funding

Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Intramural Research ProgramNational Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2021-NR061836, RS-2025-02219039, RS-2024-00405287, RS-2024-00463774 and RS-2025-02217286
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces tumor cell pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that triggers antitumor immunity. However, high glucose metabolism and hypoxic conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) limit PDT efficiency and impair effector cell function. Here, we propose a cancer metabolic reprogramming-enabling photoresponsive nanoproteolysis-targeting chimera (Nano-PROTAC; NanoTAC), derived from the supramolecular self-assembly of drug conjugates that bridge a PROTAC targeting hexokinase II (HK2) and a photosensitizer via a biomarker-cleavable linker. In a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, NanoTAC initially silences PROTAC activity and accumulates in tumor regions, where it undergoes linker cleavage in response to enzymatic biomarkers. Upon photoirradiation, PDT-induced pyroptotic cell death promotes the release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to drive the cancer-immunity cycle. Concurrently, targeted protein degradation (TPD) via PROTACs counteracts glucose and oxygen consumption in the TME, ultimately potentiating pyroptosis-mediated photoimmunotherapy. This combination therapy achieves a high rate of complete regression in primary TNBC and confers adaptive immunity to prevent metastasis and recurrence. Our study presents a rationally designed nanomedicine that integrates PDT and PROTACs, shedding light on strategies for more effective cancer immunotherapy.

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyPhotochemotherapyPhotosensitizing AgentsPyroptosisTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHexokinaseHumansMiceNanoparticlesTumor MicroenvironmentHexokinaseHK2 protein, humanPhotosensitizing Agents

Identifiers

PMID40998785
PMCPMC12464334

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.