Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40998989›Full record

ReviewNPJ digital medicine2025

Ophthalmic drug discovery and development using artificial intelligence and digital health technologies.

Haoran Cheng, Joy Le Yi Wong, Chrystie Wan Ning Quek, Jeffrey L Goldberg, Vinit B Mahajan, Tien Yin Wong, Jodhbir S Mehta, Daniel S W Ting, Darren S J Ting

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Haoran ChengSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Joy Le Yi WongSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Chrystie Wan Ning QuekSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Jeffrey L GoldbergSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Vinit B MahajanSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Tien Yin WongSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Jodhbir S MehtaSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Daniel S W TingSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore. daniel.ting45@gmail.com.
Darren S J TingSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore. d.s.j.ting@bham.ac.uk.

Funding

Agency for Science, Technology and Research A20H4g2141 and H20C6a0032Beijing Natural Science Foundation IS23096Duke-NUS Medical School Duke-NUS/RSF/2021/0018 and 05/FY2020/EX/15-A58, 05/FY2022/EX/66-A128Fight for Sight UK MR/T001674/1MRC Proximity to Discovery and Impact (P2D) Fund MR/X502996/1National Key R&D Program 2022YFC2502800National Medical Research Council, Singapore NMCR/HSRG/0087/2018, MOH-000655-00 and MOH-001014-00National Natural Science Fund of China 82388101NEI NIH HHS P30-EY026877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, drug discovery and development programs are complex, multi-decade long and prohibitively expensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) and other digital health technologies have the potential to enhance and accelerate each stage of drug discovery and development, from pre-clinical target identification to post-market repurposing, and even revolutionize the entire process. Using ophthalmology as an example, this review highlights recent AI and digital health innovations in different phases of drug discovery and development. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and vast clinical and multiomics datasets, AI can rapidly identify and validate new drug targets, optimize lead compounds, and predict pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity. AI-assisted multi-modal ocular biomarkers may improve treatment monitoring and support personalized medicine. Integrating AI shortens development timelines, enhances efficiency, reduces costs, and increases the success rate of new drugs. Currently, standardized regulations for AI in ocular drug development are still lacking and urgently needed to ensure safe and equitable implementation.

Identifiers

PMID40998989
PMCPMC12462467

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.