Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40999596›Full record

ArticleThe Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences2026

In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Linarin on Histamine-Induced Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines, Mucin 5AC, and Aquaporin 5 in Human Nasal and Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

Xin-Jing Mi, Jie Wang, Jian-Qiang Qi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xin-Jing MiDepartment of Pediatrics, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
Jie WangDepartment of Stomatology, Dalian Rehabilitation and Convalescent Center of Joint Logistics Support Unit, Dalian, China.
Jian-Qiang QiClinical Skills Teaching Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6734-8511

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis and asthma are two prevalent chronic allergic conditions in children. Linarin, a glycosylated flavonoid derived from various plants, exhibits a wide range of biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of linarin against allergic rhinitis and asthma. In vitro models of allergic rhinitis and asthma were established using human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), respectively. Linarin treatment inhibited histamine-induced increases in the expression levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα in whole-cell lysates, as well as p65 in nuclear lysates. The histamine-induced activation of MAPK pathways was suppressed by linarin, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation ratios of ERK (pERK/ERK), JNK (pJNK/JNK), and p38 (pp38/p38). ELISA results further revealed that linarin attenuated histamine-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that linarin reversed histamine-induced MUC5AC upregulation and AQP5 downregulation. Notably, the inhibitory effects of linarin were potentiated in the presence of specific inhibitors targeting NF-κB (PDTC), ERK (U0126), p38 (SB203580), and JNK (SP600125). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that linarin suppresses histamine-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion, MUC5AC upregulation, and AQP5 downregulation in human nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. These effects are mediated through the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Thus, linarin may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Indexed as

Aquaporin 5BronchiCytokinesEpithelial CellsFlavonoidsHistamineMucin 5ACCell LineHumansInterleukin-6Interleukin-8MAP Kinase Signaling SystemNasal MucosaNF-kappa BPhosphorylationTranscription Factor RelAAQP5 protein, humanAquaporin 5CytokinesFlavonoidsHistamineInterleukin-6Interleukin-8MUC5AC protein, humanMucin 5ACNF-kappa BTranscription Factor RelAallergic rhinitisasthmalinarinMAPKNF‐κB

Identifiers

PMID40999596
PMCPMC12955925

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.