Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41000452›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2025

Determinants of successful smoking cessation in outpatient settings: A comparative analysis of varenicline and free program interventions.

Yaohong He, Jin Chen, Lihua Zhao, Shuang Qu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yaohong HeDepartment of Respiratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jin ChenDepartment of Respiratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Lihua ZhaoDepartment of Respiratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Shuang QuDepartment of Respiratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSmoking cessation is a significant challenge, and various factors influence the success rates. Understanding the factors affecting cessation outcomes can guide more effective intervention strategies. This study compares the efficacy of a general outpatient cessation program versus a free cessation program, with subgroup analyses based on medication type (bupropion vs varenicline), aiming to identify factors associated with successful smoking cessation in outpatient settings.

methodsWe analyzed data from 356 patients visiting our smoking cessation clinic between January 2018 and June 2022, with random allocation into two groups via computerized random number table upon enrollment: Group A (general outpatient intervention, n=188) and Group B (free cessation program, n=168). Both groups were further subdivided based on the use of bupropion (A1, B1) or varenicline (A2, B2). Factors such as demographic data, nicotine dependence, smoking cessation confidence, exhaled carbon monoxide, and smoking cessation success (7-day point prevalence abstinence rate [PPAR] and 3-month continuous quitting rate [CQR]) were analyzed. To ensure comprehensive results, we performed an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, including participants who dropped out or did not complete the study as failures in the smoking cessation outcome.

resultsThere were no significant differences between groups A and B in demographics, smoking behavior, or medication, except for occupation and duration of cigarette smoking. Group B had lower nicotine dependence but comparable smoking cessation outcomes to Group A. Factors associated with successful cessation included being older, married, employed full-time, smoking ≤20 cigarettes/day, and using varenicline. The CQR of Group A2 was 9.36% higher than that of Group A1. The PPAR and CQR of Group B2 were 16.66% and 17.93% higher than those of Group B1, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in PPAR and CQR between Group A2 and Group B2.

conclusionsVarenicline use, specific sociodemographic characteristics (aged >50 years, married, full-time employment), and less severe smoking behavior (≤20 cigarettes/day, ≤25 years duration, ≤600 pack-year) are key determinants of successful smoking cessation in outpatient settings. Varenicline use was associated with significantly higher cessation rates compared to bupropion within both intervention models. The free program incorporating varenicline (B2) demonstrated particularly high success rates.

Indexed as

analysis of influencing factorssmoking cessationsmoking cessation outpatient clinicsmoking nicotine dependence

Identifiers

PMID41000452
PMCPMC12459252

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.