Evidence mapPaperPMID 41001103Full record

ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025

Advances of Drug-Loaded Microsphere Technology for Targeted Immunotherapy Against Prostate Cancer.

Wubing Feng

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Engineering microspheres for breast cancer: integrating tumor modeling, diagnostics, and targeted treatment.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Wubing FengUrology Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0007-8607-5722

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Treating advanced prostate cancer presents challenges like therapy resistance and systemic toxicity. Combining drug-loaded microspheres with immunotherapy, such as PD-1 inhibitors, and targeted therapy like PARP inhibitors has transformed the treatment of prostate cancer. This review focuses on microcatheter-assisted techniques that allow for precise embolization using 100-300 μm microspheres and enable sustained drug release, resulting in an objective response rate (ORR) of 35-52% in clinical trials. Important advancements include pulsed injection protocols at 0.5 mL/min under cone beam CT (CBCT) guidance and biomarker-driven stratification, focusing on a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of ≥10 and homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutations. The PROEMBOL trial shows a 98.1% rate of immediate hemostasis, and combination therapies with PARP inhibitors increase the median progression-free survival (PFS) to 14.2 months for patients with HRR mutations. Future efforts must prioritize standardized technical protocols and real-world validation of long-term outcomes.

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyMicrospheresProstatic NeoplasmsCone-Beam Computed TomographyDrug Delivery SystemsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMalePoly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase InhibitorsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPoly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitorsbiomarkersclinical translationcombination therapyimmunogenic cell deathimmunotherapymicrocatheter-assisted drug delivery microspheresPARP inhibitorsprostate cancertargeted therapytumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41001103
PMCPMC12459623

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.