Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41001121›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2025

Impact of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on seizure frequency in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Jian Liu, Ri-He-Mu-Qi-Qi-Ge E, Jia-Qi Zhang, Da-Peng Wang

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jian LiuDepartment of General Pediatrics, Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng, China.
Ri-He-Mu-Qi-Qi-Ge EDepartment of General Pediatrics, Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng, China.
Jia-Qi ZhangDepartment of General Pediatrics, Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng, China.
Da-Peng WangDepartment of General Pediatrics, Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Drug-resistant epilepsy in children poses significant therapeutic challenges. The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high-fat and low-carbohydrate content, has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the impact of the KD on seizure frequency in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized and quasi-randomized trials of classical KD, modified Atkins diet (MAD), and low-glycemic-index treatment (LGIT) in children (≤18 years) with DRE. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. For patients achieving >50% seizure reduction, pooled analysis (random-effects model; I Conclusion: The KD significantly improved seizure outcomes, with robust efficacy in reducing seizure frequency and a higher likelihood of achieving seizure freedom, although absolute rates of seizure freedom were modest. These findings support the KD as a promising adjunctive therapy for children with drug-resistant epilepsy; however, further large-scale, long-term studies are needed to confirm its sustained efficacy and safety. Systematic review registration: CRD420251122427.

Indexed as

drug-resistant epilepsyketogenic dietmeta-analysispediatricseizure reduction

Identifiers

PMID41001121
PMCPMC12459275

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.