Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41002975›Full record

ArticleMetabolites2025

A Holistic Approach to Metabolic Health Assessment-Analysis of Bioimpedance, Blood, and Saliva Biochemistry in Population Studies-A Pilot Study.

Aleksandra Stawiarska, Renata Francik, Anna Mikulec, Marek Zborowski, Urszula Cisoń-Apanasewicz, Ryszard Gajdosz, Iwona Zaczyk, Halina Potok, Agnieszka Radom, Dorota Ogonowska and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Metabolites, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Aleksandra StawiarskaThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8970-5554
Renata FrancikThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7071-8072
Anna MikulecFaculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Zamenhofa 1A, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2737-5967
Marek ZborowskiThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2695-2491
Urszula Cisoń-ApanasewiczThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Ryszard GajdoszThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Iwona ZaczykThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Halina PotokThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Agnieszka RadomThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Dorota OgonowskaThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Elżbieta RafaThe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.

Funding

University of Applied Science in Nowy Sacz DNR.501-16/23 and DNR.501-17/23
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic syndrome is a multifaceted condition involving lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders and hypertension, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Accurate diagnosis and prevention require an interdisciplinary approach that includes both traditional lab tests and modern, non-invasive health assessments.

methodsThis study aimed to evaluate metabolic health in adults from the Małopolska Voivodeship by analyzing the relationships between obesity indicators (BMI, waist circumference) and anthropometric, blood, and salivary biomarkers. Sixty-three participants (36 women, 27 men) aged 40-71 underwent body composition analysis (InBody 770), anthropometric measurements, and biochemical tests of blood and saliva. Assessed parameters included body composition (BMI, BFM, FFM, SMM, PBF, VFA, PA), blood pressure, blood biomarkers (glucose, TG, LDL, HDL, HbA1c, insulin, cortisol), and salivary markers (FRAP, DPPH, urea, amylase activity, protein content, pH, buffering capacity).

resultsThe results showed a strong correlation between body composition and biochemical markers, but the results of the analyzed salivary biomarkers were inconclusive and, in some cases, contradictory to the findings of other authors.

conclusionsFat mass, cell integrity, and diastolic pressure were key determinants of waist circumference. Our research confirms the validity of using combined diagnostics, bioimpedance, and blood analysis for a comprehensive assessment of metabolic health and indicates the direction for further research using salivary biomarkers. A holistic approach improves risk assessment and strengthens preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, our pilot study showed that the research requires a larger sample size, especially in order to draw representative conclusions regarding salivary biomarkers and their relationship to metabolic health.

Indexed as

BIAmetabolic syndromesaliva biomarkersvenous bloodvisceral fat

Identifiers

PMID41002975
PMCPMC12471435

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.