ArticleUnited European gastroenterology journal2025
Evaluating Sex Disparity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Risk in the UK Biobank Cohort.
Article in United European gastroenterology journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evaluating Sex Disparity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Risk in the UK Biobank Cohort.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lower in females than males (19.0 vs. 20.2 for 100,000 individuals in Europe). This disparity is commonly attributed to differences in exposure to lifestyle risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption; however, hormonal activity may also play a role.
objectiveThis study aimed to comprehensively examine the role of hormone exposure and reproductive factors in males and females in PDAC susceptibility.
methodsWe analyzed 816 PDAC cases and 302,645 controls from the UK Biobank prospective cohort. Twenty hormone-related variables and a polygenic risk score (PRS) were examined in females and males using epidemiological methods and machine learning algorithms.
resultsOral contraceptives (OC) use increased PDAC risk (OR = 2.17 (95% CI: 1.70-2.80), p = 8.16 × 10
conclusionWe observed a consistent protective effect of the factors that decrease-the exposure to menstrual cycle related hormones. Additionally, exogenous hormones increase due to long exposure to OC and HRT increases the risk of the disease. Therefore, our result suggests that it is more important to which hormones an individual is exposed compared to the overall increase or decrease in exposure.
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Registered trials
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