Evidence mapPaperPMID 41005670Full record

ReviewNeurochemistry international2025

Genetic and epigenetic architectures of stroke: Insights from GWAS to precision medicine.

Faheem Shehjar, Reetika Mahajan, Shayaan Shahnaz, Zahoor A Shah

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurochemistry international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Faheem ShehjarDepartment of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
Reetika MahajanDepartment of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
Shayaan ShahnazDepartment of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
Zahoor A ShahDepartment of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA. Electronic address: Zahoor.shah@utoledo.edu.

Funding

NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS112642
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability, driven by complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Advances in genomic technologies have elucidated the role of common polygenic variants and rare monogenic mutations in determining susceptibility to stroke subtypes. Genome-wide association studies have identified key loci, including Histone Deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), Paired-like Homeodomain Transcription Factor 2 (PITX2), Zinc Finger Homeobox 3 (ZFHX3), and Collagen Type IV Alpha 1 Chain (COL4A1), associated with vascular inflammation, atrial fibrillation, and small vessel dysfunction. Monogenic disorders such as Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL; NOTCH3), Fabry disease (GLA), and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD; HBB) illustrate the impact of single-gene mutations on early-onset or familial stroke. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate pathways related to apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Pharmacogenomic profiling, involving genes such as CYP2C19, VKORC1, and SLCO1B1, can guide individualized therapy with antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and statins. Collectively, these advances are steering stroke care toward precision medicine, integrating multi-omics data and gene-targeted strategies for improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticGenome-Wide Association StudyPrecision MedicineStrokeAnimalsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansEpigeneticsGeneticsGWASNon-coding RNAsPolygenic riskStroke

Identifiers

PMID41005670
PMCPMC13261748

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.