ArticleNature communications2025
Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selective under-representation of transcripts encoding membrane-integrated architectures following neural tissue vitrification.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Low-toxicity vitrification of small-diameter arterial grafts by achieving a Cryo-Stasis state.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A High-Throughput Platform for Measuring and Predicting Vitrification Behavior in Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- A high throughput platform for measuring and predicting vitrification behavior in multicomponent aqueous solutions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transforming organ donation and transplantation: challenges, innovations, and future directions.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine in Organ Transplantation: From Graft Preservation and Repair to Immunomodulation and Monitoring.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Thermomechanics analysis of cryopreservation by vitrification of the popliteal artery.PloS one · 2026Article
- Thermodynamic Principles of Emerging Cryopreservation Technologies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Advanced Rewarming Technologies for Cryopreservation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Scalable Purification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Organ Cryopreservation and Transplantation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- 55 MHz constant field dielectric warming of kidneys and ovaries cryopreserved by vitrification.Cryobiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Organ banking via vitrification could transform transplantation, but has never been achieved at human organ scales. This study tested vitrification and rewarming in 0.5-3 L volumes using cryoprotective agents (CPAs): M22, VS55, and 40%EG + 0.6 M Sucrose. Ice formation and cracking was avoided through optimized convective cooling, and successful vitrification was confirmed via visual inspection, thermometry, and X-ray µCT. M22 and EG+sucrose vitrified at 0.5 L, but only M22 succeeded at 3 L; VS55 failed at all volumes. Porcine livers (~0.6-1 L total volume; ~0.23-0.75 L organ volume) were also vitrified using EG+sucrose, though not rewarmed. Future experiments are needed to optimize the protocol and achieve liver rewarming. Using nanowarming with iron-oxide nanoparticles and a newly developed 120 kW RF coil, uniform rewarming was achieved in up to 2 L volumes of M22 at ~88 °C/min. This work serves as a proof-of-concept that human organ scale vitrification and rewarming is physically possible, thereby enabling human organ banking in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.