Observational studyJournal of nephrology2025
Differences in chronic kidney disease management based on identification and diagnosis in a population-based observational study.
Observational study in Journal of nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association between statin therapy as primary prevention and mortality in adults 50 years and older with chronic kidney disease without other indications.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 6-10% of adults and often remains undiagnosed until advanced stages, leading to inadequate management. This study compared diagnosed, proxy-diagnosed, and undiagnosed CKD patients regarding prevalence, clinical assessment, nephroprotective treatment, healthcare utilization, and mortality.
methodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed Region Halland's healthcare data for adults meeting KDIGO CKD-confirmed criteria for the year 2019. Patients were categorized as diagnosed CKD (ICD-coded), proxy-diagnosed CKD (CKD-related diagnoses), or undiagnosed CKD (meeting CKD criteria without an ICD CKD diagnosis).
resultsOf 20,488 CKD patients, 21% had diagnosed CKD, 18% proxy-diagnosed CKD, and 61% undiagnosed CKD. Mean ages were 76.4, 62.4, and 81.8 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Blood pressure follow-up was carried out in diagnosed CKD (88%) versus 67% and 80% in the proxy-diagnosed and undiagnosed groups. eGFR was tested in 66% overall (73% diagnosed, 53% proxy-diagnosed, 66% undiagnosed), while urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) testing was performed in 27% overall (50%, 20%, and 21%, respectively). Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors were prescribed to 45% overall (51%, 28%, and 47%, respectively). The adjusted hospitalization risk was 2.71 (CI: 2.59-2.84) in diagnosed CKD and 1.38 (CI: 1.31-1.46) in proxy-diagnosed CKD. Adjusted all-cause mortality hazard ratios were 2.22 (CI: 1.95-2.52) and 1.31 (CI: 1.08-1.60), respectively. Stratified sensitivity analyses by CKD stage confirmed these associations, though the strength varied.
conclusionsPatients with complex comorbidities, more advanced CKD, and frequent hospitalizations are more likely to be diagnosed with CKD and receive better follow-up care. Proxy-diagnosed CKD was common and associated with suboptimal management. These findings emphasize the need for consistent and accurate CKD identification to improve outcomes and optimize care.
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Registered trials
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