ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Dose-Related Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Intramuscular Epinephrine in Healthy Neonatal Piglets.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEpinephrine is currently the only vasopressor recommended during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Rapid vasopressor administration is critical during CPR; however, establishing vascular access can take several minutes and requires extensive skills and/or training. The intramuscular (IM) route provides rapid drug administration and does not require special skills, training, or equipment. We aimed to compare various doses of IM epinephrine to intravascular (IV) epinephrine in a healthy neonatal piglet model.
methodFifteen newborn piglets (1-3 days of age) underwent anesthesia, intubation via a tracheostomy, and randomization to 0.02 mg/kg IM epinephrine, 0.1 mg/kg IM epinephrine, or 0.02 mg/kg IV epinephrine. Hemodynamic and cardiac function parameters were continuously recorded throughout the experiment. Blood was collected prior to drug administration and throughout the experiment for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis.
resultsDose-dependent changes in hemodynamic and cardiac function parameters were observed following IM epinephrine administration. Greater changes were observed with 0.1 mg/kg IM epinephrine, while there were little to no changes with 0.02 mg/kg IM epinephrine. Pharmacokinetic parameters were not different between 0.02 mg/kg IV epinephrine or 0.1 mg/kg IM epinephrine.
conclusionsIM epinephrine dose of 0.1 mg/kg was more effective in producing systemic hemodynamic and cardiac function changes compared to the lower IM dose 0.02 mg/kg.
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