Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41007147›Full record

ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Association Between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA)-Based Retinal Vascular Densities and Empathy in Young Adults.

Bess Yin-Hung Lam, Carole Leung, Ka-Shun Lei, Kaiyip Choi, Henry H L Chan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bess Yin-Hung LamDepartment of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2778-3469
Carole LeungDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0577-5804
Ka-Shun LeiFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1165-7043
Kaiyip ChoiSchool of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0443-3028
Henry H L ChanSchool of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8516-4711

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), the present study is the first study to examine if retinal vascular densities (vessel densities and perfusion densities) could be associated with empathetic levels in young and non-clinical adults.

methodsFifty-one university students aged from 18 to 25 years (26 males and 24 females) were recruited from a university in Hong Kong. OCTA was conducted to assess their retinal vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in different scan patterns over the macula (1 mm center subfield, 3 × 3 mm scan, 6 × 6 mm scan). Empathy (cognitive, affective, and somatic) was measured by using the Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scales (CASES).

resultsAfter controlling for age, the multiple linear regression results showed that both the VD and PD in the 1 mm center subfield were significantly and negatively associated with the empathy total score, the affective empathy subscore, and the somatic empathy subscore, respectively (

conclusionThe present findings indicate that a lower level of empathy is associated with increased retinal vascular densities in the 1 mm center subfield, specifically involving variations in vascular density (VD) and perfusion density (PD). This suggests the dilation of retinal venules might lead to lower empathy. These results establish a foundation for future studies investigating the underlying mechanism of retinal imaging and empathy in healthy individuals.

Indexed as

biomarkersempathyOptical Coherence Tomography Angiographyperfusionretinal vessel

Identifiers

PMID41007147
PMCPMC12467413

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.