Evidence mapPaperPMID 41007838Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2025

Pharmaco-Epigenetics and Epigenetic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes: Can Epigenetics Predict Drug Efficiency?

Senzosenkosi Surprise Mkhize, Anil Amichund Chuturgoon, Terisha Ghazi, Kgothatso Eugene Machaba

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Beyond cancer: the case for natural product-derived dual DNMT1/HDAC3 modulators in diabetic epigenetic therapy and the need for DFT-guided computational refinement.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Senzosenkosi Surprise MkhizeSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-2832-1343
Anil Amichund ChuturgoonSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-4649-4133
Terisha GhaziSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-0179-213X
Kgothatso Eugene MachabaCollege of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-6193-5243

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly affecting individuals across various age groups due to inadequate insulin action and secretion. It has become the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with an estimated 9.3% of the global population currently affected. Recent epigenetic studies have shown that variations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are implicated in the development of T2DM. However, epigenetically related conditions are known to be reversible, which could potentially pave the way for predicting and treating T2DM. This has led to the development of epigenetic modifier drugs, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), histone acetyltransferase inhibitors (HATi), protein arginine methyltransferase inhibitors (PRMTi), DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi), histone demethylating inhibitors (HDMi), and sirtuin-activating compounds (STAC). A major challenge with these epigenetic drugs is that only a few have been approved for treating metabolic diseases due to their potential to negatively impact off-target genes. The low specificity of these drugs can lead to side effects and increased toxicity, contributing to complex diseases such as cancer. Hence, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases can provide new insights and strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating metabolic disorders, such as T2DM. This review summarizes the epigenetic variations in T2DM, pharmaco-epigenetics, and the challenges surrounding epigenetics. This provides basic insight into the discovery of novel drug targets, which can lead to the development of epigenetic therapies for T2DM. Hence, the reversible nature of epigenetic variations retains hope for future novel strategies to combat T2DM.

Indexed as

diabetes mellitusDNA methylationepi-drugsepigeneticshistone modifications

Identifiers

PMID41007838
PMCPMC12467409

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.