ReviewBiomedicines2025
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Comprehensive Review on Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated Pathophysiology, Clinical, and Therapeutic Insights.
Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomarkers for Necrotising Enterocolitis-Are We There Yet?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Diagnosis and Staging of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Current Controversies and a Phenotype-Based Framework.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond the Gut: Necrotizing Enterocolitis as a Gut-Brain Axis Disorder of Neurodevelopment.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Phytochemicals and REDOX Modulation: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, outcomes, and emerging strategies.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2026Review
- Preterm infant formulas with glucose polymers and reduced lactose content increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Mechanisms by which tryptophan metabolites enhance intestinal barrier function to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review integrates clinical, immunological, microbial, pathophysiological, and therapeutic perspectives on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. We summarize the clinical burden and risk factors; elucidate key immune and cellular mechanisms, including TLR4 signaling, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and enteric nervous system involvement; and provide a concise overview of experimental models. We also highlight microbial dysbiosis, ischemia, multiorgan injury, and recent advances in pathogenesis, as well as current and emerging therapies such as probiotics, breast milk components, TLR4 inhibitors, and immunomodulators, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to accelerate discovery and improve outcomes. Overall, this review bridges mechanistic insights to clinical applications and supports the pursuit of personalized NEC prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.