ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
The Pivotal Role of the Western Diet, Hyperinsulinemia, Ectopic Fat, and Diacylglycerol-Mediated Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Exercise and dietary interventions in the regulation of hepatic mitophagy and liver recovery (Review).Biomedical reports · 2026Review
- Fasting insulin to HDL-C ratio is correlated with MASLD severity in Chinese overweight/obesity: a cross-sectional analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Experimental models in diabetes research.Laboratory animal research · 2026Review
- Article
- Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate the Severity of Obesity-Associated White Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Plasma lipidomics and 15-year risk of incident diabetes: a coronary artery risk development in young adults study.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- Hypothesis: Nutrient Off-Loading and Ectopic Fat Reduction Reverse Insulin Resistance and Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nutrition and the gut microbiome: a symbiotic dialogue influencing health and disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Association of dietary intake patterns with treatment outcomes in late-stage pancreatic tumors.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Chestnut-derived ellagitannins (FT50) protect against western diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and preserve beta cell function in mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Exercise-induced metabolic remodeling in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from metabolomics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Insulin Resistance at the Crossroads of Metabolic Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Organ Failure and Cancer.Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genetic background, the "Western diet", and environment may all contribute to hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia can precede and cause insulin resistance. In situations of fuel overload, insulin resistance limits the amount fuel (glucose and fatty acids) entering insulin-sensitive tissues. When energy intake is chronically greater than energy expenditure, the capacity of the subcutaneous fat tissues to store fat can be overpowered. If subcutaneous fat tissues are no longer able to accommodate excess energy, there will be spillover of lipids. Excess calories will be stored as ectopic fat (triglycerides) in the liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Growing evidence suggests that ectopic fat deposition directly causes insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Overnutrition and ectopic fat increase diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation in fat cells, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. A unifying hypothesis proposes that translocated DAG into the plasma membrane induces insulin resistance in all these three cell types. In addition, ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas induces beta-cell dysfunction. Introducing a negative energy balance by bariatric surgery or a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) reduces ectopic fat depositions from the liver and pancreas and decreases intracellular DAG content: both are effective treatments to restore insulin sensitivity, normalize metabolism, and put type 2 diabetes in remission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.