Evidence mapPaperPMID 41009814Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Global and Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study of Long COVID Based on Patient-Driven Symptom Recall.

Sara Polo-Alonso, Álvaro Hernáez, Irene R Dégano, Ruth Martí-Lluch, Mel Lina Pinsach-Abuin, Roberto Elosua, Isaac Subirana, Marta Puigmulé, Alexandra Pérez, Raquel Cruz and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Sara Polo-AlonsoRegistre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Álvaro HernáezRegistre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8593-1477
Irene R DéganoRegistre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Ruth Martí-LluchVascular Health Research Group, Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina, 17002 Girona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7320-9521
Mel Lina Pinsach-AbuinCardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain.
Roberto ElosuaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Isaac SubiranaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Marta PuigmuléCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Alexandra PérezCardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5344-6573
Raquel CruzCentro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6964-8898
Silvia Diz-de AlmeidaCentro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2813-8928
Eulàlia PuigdecantFaculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain.
Elisabet SelgaFaculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4290-8370
Xavier NoguesMusculoskeletal Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5537-1859
Joan Ramon MasclansCritical Illness Research Group (GREPAC), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0809-6823
Roberto Güerri-FernándezFaculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Héctor Cubero-GallegoBiomedical Research in Heart Diseases Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Helena Tizon-MarcosCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7942-9413
Beatriz VaquerizoCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Ramon BrugadaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Rafel RamosVascular Health Research Group, Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina, 17002 Girona, Spain.
Anna Camps-VilaróRegistre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Jaume MarrugatRegistre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Funding

Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2021SGR144CIBER - Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CB16/11/00229 and CB16/11/00246Crue-CSIC-Santander FONDO SUPERA COVID-19Fundació La Marató de TV3 202119-30
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We aimed to explore the global and sex-specific genetic variants associated with long COVID, as defined by patient-driven symptom recall. A 1-year cohort study of 2411 COVID-19 patients collected long COVID symptoms with an open-ended, non-directed questionnaire, and long COVID incidence was determined according to the World Health Organization definition. Global and sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses were conducted by logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex (in the global analysis), and the first 10 principal components. We assessed sex-variant interactions and performed gene-based analyses, gene mapping, and gene-set enrichment analyses. When comparing the 1392 long COVID cases with the non-cases, we identified 23 lead variants from suggestive signals: 13 from the global analysis, 5 from females, and 5 from males. Five variants showed a significant interaction with sex (two in females, three in males). We mapped 15 protein-coding genes related to diseases of the immune and nervous systems and tumoral processes. Notably, CD5 and VPS37C, linked to immune function, were significantly associated with long COVID in men. Our results suggest that persistent immune dysregulation may be involved in the development of precisely defined long COVID.

Indexed as

COVID-19Genome-Wide Association StudyAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2Sex FactorsCOVID-19genetic polymorphismgenome-wide association studypost-acute COVID-19 syndromeSARS-CoV-2sex characteristics

Identifiers

PMID41009814
PMCPMC12471052

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.