ArticleGenes2025
Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptomes Reveal Exhausted Signature in Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Genes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with poor prognosis. T cell exhaustion (TEX) is a key factor in tumor immune evasion and therapeutic resistance. In this study, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to characterize TEX-related transcriptional features in HCC.
methodsWe first computed TEX scores for each sample using a curated 65-gene signature and classified them into high-TEX and low-TEX groups by the median score. Differentially expressed genes were identified separately in scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data, then intersected to retain shared candidates. A 26-gene prognostic signature was derived from these candidates via univariate Cox and LASSO regression analysis.
resultsThe high-TEX group exhibited increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules and antigen presentation molecules, suggesting a tumor microenvironment that is more immunosuppressive but potentially more responsive to immunotherapy. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction further validated the roles of these genes in immune regulation and tumor progression.
conclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive characterization of the TEX landscape in HCC and identifies a robust gene signature associated with prognosis and immune infiltration. These findings highlight the potential of targeting TEX-related genes for personalized immunotherapeutic strategies in HCC.
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