ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Clinical Value of the Ferning Test in Monitoring Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Sarcoidosis.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tear-Based Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Primary and Sarcoidosis-Associated Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Alterations in the Crystallization Pattern of Tear Fluid Induced by Increases in the Body Mass Index.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Multimodal Analysis of Serum and Tear Crystallization Patterns in Patients with Obesity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Ocular Sarcoidosis: Contemporary Insights and Future Directions.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas, predominantly affecting the lungs and lymph nodes. However, the disease can affect any organ, including the eye, where it most commonly manifests as uveitis and dry eye disease (DED). The Ferning Test (FT), a non-invasive method for tear film analysis, offers insight into tear quality. Through this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the FT to diagnose and differentiate DED in patients with sarcoidosis.
methodsThe study included a sample of 30 patients, divided into three groups, each consisting of 10 patients: one group of patients with sarcoidosis and dry eye disease (S-DED), one group of patients with DED without other systemic pathologies, and a control group of healthy individuals. Tear film samples were collected from the right eye of each participant, without stimulation, by microcapillarity. A drop of tear was spread on a microscope slide, allowed to dry, and then examined under a microscope to analyze the crystallization pattern.
resultsMicroscopic analysis revealed a significant difference in the structure and morphology of crystallization, as well as in the number of formed branchings, in sarcoidosis patients compared to patients in the other two groups. This finding suggests a distinct alteration in tear film composition in patients with sarcoidosis.
conclusionsBased on these results, the FT represents a valuable and promising tool for the diagnosis of DED associated with sarcoidosis. Being a non-invasive, easy-to-perform, and inexpensive test, it can be widely implemented in any ophthalmology department, opening perspectives for the test to become an important component among the diagnostic elements of dry eye syndrome in patients with sarcoidosis.
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