Trial reportViruses2025
Clinical, Psychosocial, and Structural Factors Associated with the Detection of HIV Drug Resistance in Children Living with HIV in Kisumu, Kenya: Secondary Analysis of Data from the Opt4Kids Study.
Andrea J Scallon, Pooja Maheria, Patrick Oyaro, Katherine K Thomas, Bhavna H Chohan, Francesca Odhiambo, Evelyn Brown, Edwin Ochomo, Enericah Karauki, Nashon Yongo and 7 more
Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraphTrial report in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
17 authors.
Andrea J ScallonElson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
Pooja MaheriaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-8462-9323 Patrick OyaroHealth Innovations Kenya (HIK), Kisumu 40100, Kenya.
Katherine K ThomasDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Francesca OdhiamboCentre for Microbiology Research, Research Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
Evelyn BrownUW Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
Edwin OchomoCentre for Microbiology Research, Research Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0003-0180-3369 Enericah KaraukiUW Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
Nashon YongoUW Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
Shukri A HassanDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Marley D BishopCenter for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1552-5562 Ingrid A BeckCenter for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Ceejay BoyceCenter for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Rena C PatelDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9893-5856 Funding
LOC-IMPAACT Leadership GroupPharmacokinetics and Safety of Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women in the USUM1AI068632 · NIAID · SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS, INC. · PI Jennifer Jao, Sharon A Nachman · 2011 to 2026
$278.1MStatistical and Data Management Center-Pediatric,Adolescent, and Maternal CTGUM1AI068616 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Sean Scott Brummel, Marlene Ann Cooper · 2011 to 2026
$155.6MTransform Dissemination and Implementation Science in CTSA ProgramsUL1TR002319 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI John K. Amory · 2017 to 2026
$100.0MLC - IMPAACT Leadership GroupUM1AI106716 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Grace M Aldrovandi · 2014 to 2026
$47.2MDrug Resistance Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlates of Efavirenz and Dolutegravir based Treatment Outcomes across Non-B HIV-1 subtypesR01AI147309 · NIAID · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI DRAIN, PAUL K, FRENKEL, LISA M · 2019 to 2023
$4.6MAchieving successful treatment outcomes among adolescents and pregnant/postpartum women living with HIV in KenyaK24AI175015 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Lisa Lynn Abuogi · 2023 to 2026
$762kOptimizing viral load suppression in Kenyan children on antiretroviral therapy (Opt4Kids)R34MH115769 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI ABUOGI, LISA LYNN, PATEL, RENA CHIMAN · 2018 to 2019
$698kNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002319NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI175015NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI147309NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068616NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068632NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI106716NICHD NIH HHS HHSN275201800001CNICHD NIH HHS HHSN275201800001INIH HHS 1R34MH115769-01NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH115769
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
backgroundHIV drug resistance (DR) mutations can compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) success among children living with HIV (CLHIV). We conducted a secondary analysis using data from a randomized control trial for ART monitoring among CLHIV in Kisumu County, Kenya from 2019 to 2023, to assess clinical, psychosocial, and structural factors associated with HIV DR.
methods704 CLHIV were followed for 12+ months, with characteristics captured at enrollment and follow-up visits in the "parent" randomized-controlled-trial (of point-of-care plasma viral load testing and for viremias ≥ 1000 copies/mL HIV genotyping for DR vs. standard-of-care) and an observational "extension" substudy (of participants on a dolutegravir-containing ART with genotyping performed on viremic specimens ≥ 200 copies/mL). A multivariate modified Poisson regression model was used to analyze factors associated with sequences yielding a Stanford HIVDR database DR penalty score (DR-PS) ≥ 30 to a nucleos(t)ides and/or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, protease inhibitor (PI), and/or integrase inhibitor (INSTI).
resultsAmong 113 (16.1%) participants who underwent genotyping, 93 (82.3%) had a DR-PS ≥ 30. DR-PS ≥ 30 were associated with age 1-5 years (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) = 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 3.14), history of viremia ≥ 1000 copies/mL (ARR = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.77, 6.31), prescription of a PI- (ARR = 6.05; 95% CI: 3.43, 10.68) or INSTI-containing regimen (ARR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.11), poor adherence to ART (ARR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.32, 2.76), lack of caregiver confidence in ART administration (ARR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.22), and mid-sized clinic populations (ARR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.92).
conclusionAddressing social factors associated with DR-PS ≥ 30 may improve ART success among CLHIV.
Indexed as
Anti-HIV AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralHIV-1HIV InfectionsAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolDolutegravirFemaleGenotypeHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingHumansInfantKenyaMaleOxazinesAnti-HIV AgentsDolutegravirHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingOxazinesPiperazinesPyridoneschildrendrug resistance mutation (DRM)HIVKenyaviral failure
Identifiers
PMID41012674
PMCPMC12474375
What Socratic holds
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