ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025
Sex-specific differences in heart failure outcomes in Turkiye - a 2024 urban-rural analysis.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
intraductionHeart failure (HF) outcomes may vary by gender and geographic region, yet data from middle-income countries remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of gender and urban-rural residence on clinical outcomes and quality of life in HF patients from Tokat, Turkey.
methodsIn this retrospective study, 200 HF patients (54% male, 50% rural) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, including comorbidities and laboratory parameters, were compared by gender and region. Primary outcomes were mortality and hospital readmission at one year. Quality of life was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Cox regression analysis identified risk factors for adverse outcomes.
resultsFemales exhibited higher mortality (17.4% vs. 13.0%, p=0.04) and hospital readmission rates (40.2% vs. 28.7%, p=0.02) than males, alongside worse MLHFQ scores (53.4 ± 15.4 vs. 46.0 ± 13.2, p<0.01). Rural patients had elevated mortality (20.0% vs. 10.0%, p=0.02) and ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Accepted manuscript readmission (43.0% vs. 25.0%, p<0.01) compared to urban counterparts, with poorer MLHFQ scores (54.8 ± 15.0 vs. 44.2 ± 13.0, p<0.001). Cox analysis identified low education (HR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.05-3.26, p=0.03) and healthcare access distance >20 km (HR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.15-3.14, p=0.02) as mortality predictors. SGLT-2 inhibitor use was associated with reduced readmission risk (HR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.18-0.89, p=0.02).
conclusionGender and regional disparities significantly influence HF outcomes in Tokat, with females and rural patients facing worse prognosis. Interventions targeting education, healthcare access, and optimized therapies may mitigate these inequities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.