Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41014388›Full record

SynthesisJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2025

Prediction models for different types of leukemia: a systematic review and critical appraisal.

Ayizhati Tuerxun, Yingzi Yang, Xinqi Cai, Xinyu Chen, Zhuoya Zhao, Yang Zhao, Zinuo Lin, Shengfeng Wang

Erratum issuedAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ayizhati TuerxunDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yingzi YangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Xinqi CaiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Xinyu ChenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Zhuoya ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yang ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Zinuo LinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Shengfeng WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. shengfeng1984@126.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 72342015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo systematically review and evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias (ROB) of leukemia prediction models essential for clinical decision-making.

methodsWe reviewed 148 prediction models published before August 2023 from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of science databases. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data using CHARMS criteria. ROB was assessed using PROBAST. Models were categorized by leukemia subtype and analyzed for methodological characteristics.

resultsA total of 61 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) models primarily predicted survival (82.0%), diagnosis (4.9%), or death (4.9%) using predictors including age, cytogenetic risk, and white blood cell count. Among the 22 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) models, the focus was on survival (72.7%) and time to treatment (19.0%), utilizing blast percentage, age, and platelet count. A total of 21 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) models primarily predicted survival (71.4%) using IGHV status, Rai stage, and age. The methodological shortcomings including incomplete reporting, methodological limitations, and high ROB were consistent across different leukemia subtypes. Traditional statistical methods predominated (Cox regression 72.9%, logistic regression 12.2%), with only nine machine learning models. Critical methodological limitations included lack of internal validation (52.0%) and external validation (57.4%). Only 43.2% reported discrimination metrics (AUC 0.60-0.99), with 28.0% achieving AUC > 0.7. Calibration was reported in only 23.0% of models. High ROB affected 93.9% of studies, primarily due to inadequate data handling and validation.

conclusionsExisting leukemia prediction models have limited clinical utility due to methodological shortcomings and high ROB. Future research should prioritize transparent reporting, rigorous validation, and external validation to enhance clinical applicability and generalizability.

Indexed as

LeukemiaModels, StatisticalHumansPrognosisLeukemiaPrediction modelRisk of biasSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41014388
PMCPMC12476341

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.