ReviewJournal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute2025
The role of 3D culture models and advanced chromatography in exosome research for triple-negative breast cancer.
Review in Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combination of extracellular vesicles and organoids as a prospective model for cancer research (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- From immune desert to hot tumor: the tripartite synergy of tumor microenvironment-exosomes-immunogenic cell death in pioneering solutions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most difficult subtypes of breast cancer to treat and is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression. Owing to its Limited molecular targets and high degree of tumor heterogeneity, TNBC is associated with poor prognosis and restricted treatment options. Exosome small extracellular vesicles secreted by virtually all cell types have gained renewed attention for their role in tumor progression, metastasis, immune modulation, and drug resistance in TNBC. These vesicles carry biologically active cargo such as proteins, RNAs, Lipids, and metabolites that reflect the molecular state of their parent cells and facilitate intercellular communication. However, conventional 2D culture systems and classical exosome isolation methods fail to replicate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the diversity of exosomal populations. This review summarizes recent advances in the integration of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems and advanced chromatographic techniques to enhance the isolation, profiling, and functional analysis of TNBC-derived exosomes. We highlight the benefits of using 3D models, improvements in analytical workflows, and interdisciplinary approaches that are enabling progress in biomarker discovery, understanding therapy resistance, and developing exosome-based therapeutic strategies. By bridging technological innovation with biological insight, this review aims to support future advances in exosome research relevant to TNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.