Evidence mapPaperPMID 41015201Full record

ArticleChest2026

Positive Airway Pressure Therapy and Health Care Resource Use in Patients With OSA and Comorbid Insomnia.

Kate V Cole, Anita S Malik, Peter A Cistulli, Kimberly L Sterling, Atul Malhotra, Naomi Alpert, Jean-Louis Pépin, medXcloud Group

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chest, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kate V ColeResmed Science Center, San Diego, CA. Electronic address: kate.cole@resmed.com.
Anita S MalikResmed Science Center, San Diego, CA.
Peter A CistulliCharles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Kimberly L SterlingResmed Science Center, San Diego, CA.
Atul MalhotraUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Naomi AlpertResmed Science Center, San Diego, CA.
Jean-Louis PépinUniversity Grenoble-Alps and HP2 Laboratory, INSERM, La Tronche, France.
medXcloud Group

Funding

Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG063925 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
Underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced obstructive sleep apneaR01HL148436 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2020 to 2026
$3.4M
Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes: One Size Does Not Fit AllR01HL154926 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2021 to 2025
$3.3M
The cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea plus COPD (Overlap syndrome)R01HL166485 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
VentNet: A Real-Time Multimodal Data Integration Model for Prediction of Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19R01HL157985 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL, NEMATI, SHAMIM · 2022 to 2025
$2.9M
Developing a Diverse Next Generation of Leaders in Respiratory ScienceT32HL166127 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Laura Elise Crotty Alexander, Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148436NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL154926NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL157985NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL166485NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL166127NIA NIH HHS R01 AG063925
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInsomnia and OSA, together known as comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA), are highly prevalent sleep disorders, each of which has the potential to impair treatment efficacy for the other. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, the first-line treatment for OSA, associated with reduced health care resource use in patients with COMISA? STUDY DESIGN AND

methodsWe linked de-identified payer-sourced medical claims and objective PAP use data for patients with insomnia and newly diagnosed with OSA. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to create covariate-balanced groups of patients who either were adherent, intermediately adherent, or nonadherent to PAP therapy to compare rates of hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits. A contextual analysis was conducted among those with OSA without insomnia.

resultsFrom a sample of 27,071 patients with COMISA (average age, 53.6 years; 53% female), 72% were at least intermediately adherent to PAP over 2 years. During the first year, PAP adherence was associated significantly with fewer ER visits (mean [SD]: adherent, 0.50 [1.39] vs intermediate, 0.59 [1.36] [P < .001]; vs nonadherent, 0.68 [1.74] [P < .001]) and all-cause hospitalizations (mean [SD]: adherent, 0.10 [0.53] vs intermediate, 0.15 [0.60] [P < .001]; vs nonadherent, 0.14 [0.57] [P < .001]). Results were similar in the second year of PAP use. When viewed in the context of patients with OSA without insomnia, patients with COMISA showed lower PAP use and higher rates of resource use both before and after the index date, but showed similar relative reductions in ER visits and hospitalizations with PAP adherence.

interpretationThese results provide additional evidence from a large, diverse sample to support the treatment of OSA in patients with COMISA and encourage development of COMISA-specific strategies to improve acceptance of PAP therapy.

Indexed as

Continuous Positive Airway PressureHealth ResourcesPatient Acceptance of Health CarePatient ComplianceSleep Apnea, ObstructiveSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersAdultComorbidityEmergency Room VisitsFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited Stateshealth care costshealth care resource useinsomniaOSApositive airway pressure therapy

Identifiers

PMID41015201
PMCPMC12720397

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.