Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41015976›Full record

ArticleOdontology2026

3D-printed titanium enhances osteoblastic differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization: insights from in vitro models.

Lucas Novaes Teixeira, Antônio Simões de Souza Filho, Camila Angela de Davi, Rafael Pes, Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez, Marcelo Henrique Napimoga

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Article in Odontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lucas Novaes TeixeiraLaboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift,, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-755, Brazil.
Antônio Simões de Souza FilhoLaboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift,, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-755, Brazil.
Camila Angela de DaviLaboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift,, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-755, Brazil.
Rafael PesLaboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift,, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-755, Brazil.
Elizabeth Ferreira MartinezLaboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift,, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-755, Brazil.
Marcelo Henrique NapimogaLaboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift,, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-755, Brazil. marcelo.napimoga@slmandic.edu.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-365X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate osteogenesis on the surface of three-dimensional (3D)-printed titanium (Ti). For this reason, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and osteoblastic-like cells cultures (Saos-2) were plated on 3D-printed Ti for up to 17 days. The following parameters were evaluated: 1) cell morphology; 2) cell viability and proliferation; 3) runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), type I collagen (COL I), osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OC) gene expression; 4) COL I quantification; 5) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and 6) extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Machined Ti samples were used as control. The data were analyzed statistically, considering a significant level of 5%. The findings of the study revealed that the surface characteristics of 3D-printed Ti allowed adhesion and proliferation of MSC and Saos-2 similarly as observed for both cultures grown on Machined Ti (p>0.05). However, Saos-2 cultured on 3D-printed Ti exhibited significantly higher ALP activity (p<0.05), whereas no difference was observed for MSC (p>0.05). Additionally, both cell types showed upregulation of osteogenic gene expression (including RUNX2, COL I, OPN, and BSP), increased COL I secretion, and enhanced ECM mineralization compared to those grown on Machined Ti (p<0.05). In conclusion, 3D-printed Ti significantly enhances osteoblastic differentiation in MSC and Saos-2 cultures. It promotes a higher expression of genes linked to bone growth and extracellular matrix mineralization, offering distinct advantages over traditionally Machined Ti. These outcomes highlight the promising potential of 3D-printed Ti for promoting osteogenesis, indicating its suitability for bone tissue engineering applications and advancement in bone regeneration strategies.

Indexed as

Calcification, PhysiologicCell DifferentiationExtracellular MatrixOsteoblastsOsteogenesisPrinting, Three-DimensionalTitaniumAlkaline PhosphataseCell ProliferationCells, CulturedCell SurvivalCollagen Type ICore Binding Factor Alpha 1 SubunitHumansIntegrin-Binding SialoproteinIn Vitro TechniquesAlkaline PhosphataseCollagen Type ICore Binding Factor Alpha 1 SubunitIntegrin-Binding SialoproteinOsteocalcinOsteopontinTitanium3D printing, titaniumBone regenerationCell cultureOsteoblastic cells

Identifiers

PMID41015976

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.