ArticleCureus2025
Impact of Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor (Anti-TNF) Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundA chronic inflammatory condition, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), raises the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease because of ongoing systemic inflammation.
objectiveTo evaluate the impact of anti-TNF therapy on CV risk markers and surrogate indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with AS, and to examine the influence of modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on CV outcomes. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive observational study was conducted at the Department of Rheumatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from April 2022 to March 2024. The study included 246 patients with AS who had been on anti-TNF medication for at least three months. At baseline, six months, and 12 months, clinical and laboratory parameters such as blood pressure, BMI, lipid profile, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in 197 individuals (80.08%). Multivariate regression was used to account for physical activity, smoking, age, and BMI.
resultsAmong 246 patients (189 males, 76.8%; mean age, 41.2 ± 9.7 years), significant reductions were observed over 12 months in inflammatory, lipid, and cardiovascular markers (all
conclusionsAnti-TNF therapy significantly improves inflammatory, lipid, and vascular parameters, thereby reducing CV risk in patients with AS.
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