ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2025
Long-Term Efficacy Trajectories of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors in preventing T2DM in high-risk patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Pooled it
- Switching patterns of GLP-1 receptor agonists from 2018 to 2025 in the largest private healthcare network in Poland.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight management in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional survey study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Heart Failure: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Sustained glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment improves glycemic control and reduces all-cause mortality compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: A real-world target trial emulation in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Engineered nutrient-stimulated hormonal multi-agonists for precision targeting of obesity and metabolic disorders.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- Metabolic Flux Adaptations During GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: Redox Implications.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- D-Allulose Reduces Weight More Persistently than Oral Semaglutide While Both Equally Elevate Grip Strength in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Considering Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) for Weight Loss: Insights from a Pragmatic Mixed-Methods Study of Patient Beliefs and Barriers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the long-term efficacy and changing trajectories of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to March 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of GLP-1RAs compared with placebo. To further explore the long-term trajectories of GLP-1RAs, we also conducted subgroup analyses of the placebo-subtracted groups based on the follow-up periods: 12-18 weeks, 24-30 weeks, 48-56 weeks, 68-78 weeks and ≥ 104 weeks. Results: Fifty-five trials involving 18,876 participants were included in this meta-analysis. GLP-1RAs significantly improved HbA1c levels, body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure, and serum lipid levels. GLP-1RAs continuously reduced HbA1c and FPG for at least 104 weeks, with the largest reductions observed at 12-18 weeks (versus placebo, WMD -0.99 [-1.09, -0.89], P < 0.001; -1.56 [-1.82. -1.29], P < 0.001, respectively). However, the reductions in HbA1c and FPG at ≥ 104 weeks were approximately 0.36% and 0.47 mmol/L less than the reductions at 12-18 weeks, respectively. With respect to weight loss, the optimal effect was observed at 24-30 weeks (WMD -2.42 [-2.90, -1.95], P < 0.001), followed by a plateau period. In addition, GLP-1RAs were associated with a greater risk of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal adverse events. Conclusion: GLP-1RAs are recommended for long-term treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes due to the persistent improvement in glycemic control and weight loss. However, it is important to account for the weakening effects after 2 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.