Evidence mapPaperPMID 41019772Full record

ArticleGlobal heart2025

The Polypill (Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Atorvastatin, and Ramipril) Paradigm Shift in Secondary Prevention: Global Expert Delphi Consensus.

Daniel Piñeiro, José Ramón González-Juanatey, Ana Abreu, Enrique Gómez Alvarez, Carlos Ponte-Negretti, Burkhard Weisser, Alexander Parkhomenko, Francisco Araújo, Alvaro Sosa-Liprandi

Abstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Article in Global heart, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Daniel PiñeiroSchool of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-7324-8993
José Ramón González-JuanateyHospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9681-3388
Ana AbreuCentro de Reabilitação Cardiovascular, S. Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte e Faculdade Medicina Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), CAML, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-0786-7830
Enrique Gómez AlvarezCentro Médico 20 de Noviembre, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6923-1232
Carlos Ponte-NegrettiInstituto Médico La Floresta, Caracas, Venezuela.ORCID 0000-0003-4864-1088
Burkhard WeisserInstitute of Sports Science Christian Albrechts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0758-9685
Alexander ParkhomenkoNational Scientific Centre named after Strazhensku (former Insitute of Cardiology), Kyiv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0002-3563-9627
Francisco AraújoHospital Lusíadas, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-6224-4866
Alvaro Sosa-LiprandiSanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-2195-5020

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The SECURE trial demonstrated that the cardiovascular (CV)-polypill (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] + atorvastatin + ramipril) reduces CV mortality by 33% in patients with acute myocardial infarction compared to standard care. The 2023 ACS ESC Guidelines recommend the polypill to improve outcomes and adherence. Objective: This study aims to establish a global consensus on the optimal use of the CV-polypill in secondary prevention. Methods: A two-round, modified Delphi method was used, featuring a 30-statement evidence-based questionnaire validated by eight renowned cardiologists. Fifty clinicians from 19 countries in Europe, Latin America, and Asia were invited to join the Delphi panel. Panelists ranked responses using a three-point Likert scale for agreement and importance. Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement or rating statements 'very important' or 'important'. Statements without consensus after the first round were refined with evidence and feedback in the second round. Remaining disagreements were resolved in a face-to-face meeting. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Response rate was 76% (round 1) and 74% (round 2); 82% were cardiologists, with 74% frequently recommending the CV-polypill. Consensus was achieved on 93.3% of statements. Research showing a 24% relative risk reduction in major adverse CV events over a median of 3 years with the CV-polypill post-acute myocardial infarction, compared to usual care, reached 97.4% agreement for clinical implementation, and a 100% consensus supported polypill use at hospital discharge or first follow-up visits; 81.1% agreed on a prompt initiation after patient stabilization. There was agreement on algorithms for initiating (97.3%), considering patient preferences (97.4%) to the polypill and its cost savings over usual care (89.5%). Conclusion: The Delphi consensus on real-world use of a CV polypill (ASA, atorvastatin, and ramipril) for secondary prevention post-acute coronary syndrome supports early initiation (within 8 days or at discharge). The findings provide a foundation to inform practice and policy, identifying priorities for further research.

Indexed as

AspirinAtorvastatinCardiovascular DiseasesRamiprilSecondary PreventionAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsDelphi TechniqueDrug CombinationsDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAspirinAtorvastatinDrug CombinationsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsRamiprilacute coronary syndrome treatmentcardiovascular polypillexpert consensusreal-world practicesecondary prevention

Identifiers

PMID41019772
PMCPMC12466114

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.