ReviewCancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)2025
Targeting the hypoxia signaling pathway with nanomedicine to reverse immunotherapy resistance.
Review in Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial Blood and Stem Cell-Derived Oxygen Therapeutics in Oncology: Emerging Strategies for Overcoming Tumor Hypoxia.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- T cell fate regulation in EBV‑associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Adenosine Signaling as a Central Integrative Network in Cellular Stress Responses and a Therapeutically Actionable Target in Human Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Qinggan Jianpi formula attenuates atherosclerosis by suppressing macrophage lactate transport to activate repair genes via H3K18 lactylation.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Characteristics and therapeutic resistance mechanisms of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment: a comprehensive analysis from bench to clinic.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in colorectal cancer: a synergistic immunosuppressive axis and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neoepitopes at the crossroads of immunometabolism: metabolic remodeling of antigen presentation in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-enabled immunomodulation in esophageal cancer: targeting the tumor microenvironment to overcome therapeutic barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hypoxia induced VEGF secretion promotes resistance to bispecific T-cell engagers.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a major therapeutic strategy for cancer; however, immunotherapy resistance remains a significant challenge. Hypoxia, a key hallmark of the tumor microenvironment resulting from the imbalance between the high oxygen demand of rapidly proliferating cancer cells and the limited supply from abnormal blood vessels, plays a central role in driving immunotherapy resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its downstream signaling pathways contribute to this resistance by promoting macrophage polarization toward the protumorigenic M2 phenotype, inducing T cell exhaustion, facilitating immune evasion, enhancing angiogenesis, and activating other resistance mechanisms. The review highlights the mechanisms by which hypoxia regulates resistance to immunotherapy and provides a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology-based strategies designed to counteract hypoxia-induced resistance. Finally, the prospects and challenges of translating nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems into clinical practice for overcoming immunotherapy resistance are outlined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.