Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41021906›Full record

ArticleJMIR infodemiology2025

Global Influence of Cannabis Legalization on Social Media Discourse: Mixed Methods Study.

Consuelo Castillo-Toledo, Carolina Donat-Vargas, María Montero-Torres, Francisco J Lara-Abelenda, Fernando Mora, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Javier Quintero, Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR infodemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Consuelo Castillo-ToledoDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.ORCID 0009-0002-5124-8308
Carolina Donat-VargasCardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-4523-4148
María Montero-TorresDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1882-2988
Francisco J Lara-AbelendaDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5565-8203
Fernando MoraDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este 84, Madrid, 28031, Spain, 34 687073326.ORCID 0000-0003-4698-1679
Melchor Alvarez-MonDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1309-7510
Javier QuinteroDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este 84, Madrid, 28031, Spain, 34 687073326.ORCID 0000-0002-2491-8647
Miguel Ángel Álvarez-MonDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1987-0394

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Cannabis is the third most consumed drug worldwide, with its use linked to a high number of substance use disorders, particularly among young men. Associated mortality causes include traffic accidents and cardiovascular diseases. The global expansion of cannabis legalization has sparked debates about its impact on risk perception, with risk perception decreasing in countries with permissive laws. Social media analysis, such as on Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), is a useful tool for studying these perceptions and their variation by geographic region. Objective: This study aims to analyze Twitter users' perceptions of cannabis use and legalization, taking into account the geographic location of the tweets. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used to analyze cannabis-related tweets on Twitter, using keywords such as "cannabis," "marijuana," and "hashish." Tweets were collected from January 1, 2018, to April 30, 2022, in English and Spanish, and only those with at least 10 retweets were included. The content analysis involved an inductive-deductive approach, resulting in the classification of tweets into thematic categories, including discussions on legalization. Results: The tweet analysis showed that in America, Europe, and Asia, political discussions about cannabis were the most common topic, while personal testimonies dominated in Oceania and Africa. In all continents, personal experiences with cannabis use were mostly positive, with Oceania recording the highest percentage (1642/2695, 60.93%). Regarding legalization, Oceania also led with the highest percentage of tweets in favor (1836/2695, 68.13%), followed by America and Africa, while support in Europe and Asia was slightly lower, with about half of the tweets in favor. Conclusions: The political debate has been the most frequently mentioned topic, reflecting the current situation in which legislative changes are being discussed in many countries. The predominance of opinions in favor of legalization, combined with the prevalence of positive experiences expressed about cannabis, suggests that the health risks associated with cannabis use are being underestimated in the public debate.

Indexed as

CannabisLegislation, DrugMarijuana SmokingMarijuana UseSocial MediaHumanscannabisdrug abusedrug usegeolocalizationinfodemiologysocial perceptionTwitter

Identifiers

PMID41021906
PMCPMC12479017

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.