Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41023206›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2026

Socioeconomic status modifies the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cognitive outcomes: results from the Collaborative PROMED-COG Pooled Cohorts Study.

Federica Prinelli, Marianna Noale, Silvia Conti, Adele Ravelli, Giuseppe Sergi, Stefania Maggi, Chiara Ceolin, Lorraine Brennan, Lisette Cpgm de Groot, Claire T McEvoy and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Federica Prinelli *Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy.
Marianna Noale *Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council (CNR), Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, 35121, Padua, Italy.
Silvia ContiInstitute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy. silvia.conti@itb.cnr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9624-228X
Adele RavelliGeriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova (UNIPD), Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
Giuseppe SergiGeriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova (UNIPD), Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
Stefania MaggiNeuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council (CNR), Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, 35121, Padua, Italy.
Chiara CeolinGeriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova (UNIPD), Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
Lorraine BrennanSchool of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Lisette Cpgm de GrootDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Claire T McEvoyCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK.
Caterina TrevisanDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara, 64/B - 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
PROMED-COG Consortium

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study examines whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), alone and combined with physical activity (MedEx), is associated with cognitive decline and dementia incidence, with socioeconomic status (SES) as a potential modifier.

methodsWe included 8,568 subjects (mean age 72.3 ± 9.6 years, 52.4% female) from three pooled Italian population-based studies. MD adherence was assessed using the Panagiotakos algorithm. We analyzed the association of MD and MedEx adherence, both continuously and categorized in tertiles, with cognitive decline and incident dementia using Cox regression. SES modification was examined through interaction analysis and SES-stratified models.

resultsCognitive decline occurred in 38.1% of participants but was not associated with MD adherence. In SES-stratified analysis, among high SES individuals, each 2-point increase in MD adherence reduced cognitive decline risk by 14%, and high MD adherence was associated with a 48% reduction (HR 0.52, 95%CI 0.31-0.90). In this group, medium MedEx adherence reduced cognitive decline risk by 77% (HR 0.23, 95%CI 0.07-0.83). No significant association was found between MD/MedEx adherence and incident dementia (4.2%), regardless of SES. DISCUSSION: SES may modify the relationship between MD and cognitive decline, with greater benefits observed in higher SES groups. Further studies, particularly in vulnerable populations, are needed to inform tailored preventive strategies for cognitive decline.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionDementiaDiet, MediterraneanExercisePatient ComplianceSocial ClassAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceItalyMaleMiddle AgedCognitive declineDementia incidenceMediterranean dietPhysical activityPooled cohortsRetrospective harmonizationSocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID41023206
PMCPMC13021694

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.