Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41023962›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with large for gestational age infants in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Xin Yan, Lirui Zhang, Wei Zheng, Xianxian Yuan, Weiling Han, Wei Song, Xiaoxin Wang, Shengnan Liang, Jianrui Jia, Guanghui Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xin Yan *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Lirui Zhang *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Wei ZhengDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Xianxian YuanDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Weiling HanDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Wei SongDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Xiaoxin WangDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Shengnan LiangDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Jianrui JiaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
Guanghui LiDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China. liguanghui@ccmu.edu.cn.

Funding

the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research No. 2024-1G-2111the High-level construction project of public health technical personnel in Beijing Municipal Health System No. Lingjunrencai-02-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the risk factors for delivering large for gestational age (LGA) infants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their pregnancy outcomes.

methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of T2DM patients who registered for regular prenatal care and delivered at the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020. Patients were divided into the LGA and non-LGA groups to explore the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes associated with delivering LGA infants in T2DM patients.

results(1)A total of 691 T2DM patients were included, of which 257 delivered LGA infants, accounting for 37.19%. (2) Pre-pregnancy body mass index (OR: 1.067, 95%CI: 1.026-1.109), multiparity (OR: 2.455, 95%CI: 1.704-3.538), history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (OR: 2.211, 95%CI: 1.283-3.810), late pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR: 2.168, 95%CI: 1.567-3.001), gestational weight gain (OR: 1.073, 95%CI: 1.034-1.114), and female newborns (OR: 1.571, 95%CI: 1.109-2.225) were independent risk factors for delivering LGA infants in T2DM patients. (3) After adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI, multiparity, history of PCOS, gestational weight gain, and late pregnancy HbA1c, delivering LGA infants in T2DM patients increased the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (OR: 1.872, 95%CI: 1.171-2.992), shoulder dystocia (OR: 6.046, 95%CI: 1.767-20.681), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (OR: 1.542, 95%CI: 1.061-2.242), and neonatal hypoglycemia (OR: 1.991, 95%CI: 1.250-3.170).

conclusionStrengthening the identification of risk factors, improving pre-pregnancy weight management, ensuring adequate weight gain during pregnancy, and maintaining good glycemic control are important measures for T2DM patients to avoid delivering LGA infants and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Fetal MacrosomiaPregnancy in DiabeticsPregnancy OutcomeAdultBody Mass IndexChinaFemaleGestational AgeGestational Weight GainGlycated HemoglobinHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsGlycated HemoglobinLarge for gestational agePregnancy outcomesRisk factorsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41023962
PMCPMC12481838

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.