SynthesisEuropean journal of medical research2025
Association between gout, hyperuricemia, and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe association between gout, hyperuricemia, and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been widely debated with conflicting findings across studies. Although the antioxidant properties of urate suggest a potential neuroprotective role, chronic inflammation in gout may negate this benefit.
objectivesTo systematically evaluate the relationship between gout, hyperuricemia, and the risk of developing PD through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
methodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase (inception-May 2024) for observational studies. Data were extracted from 19 eligible studies (N = 15,571,392 participants). Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for PD among individuals with gout or hyperuricemia. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex, age, and effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed using I
resultsNineteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Eight of the eight studies reported a protective effect of hyperuricemia, whereas four of the 12 studies reported a protective effect of gout. A meta-analysis showed no significant association between gout and PD (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90-1.08); however, hyperuricemia was associated with a reduced risk of PD (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.85). In the gender-stratified analysis, gout showed no significant association with PD in males (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.84, 1.05) or females (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.96, 1.19), whereas hyperuricemia was more protective in males (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24, 0.97) than in females (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.44, 1.61). Age-based analysis indicated that both hyperuricemia and gout were associated with a lower PD risk in individuals aged < 75 years; however, no significant protective effect was observed in individuals aged ≥ 75 years.
conclusionThis meta-analysis found no significant association between gout and PD but supports a potential neuroprotective role of hyperuricemia, particularly in males and younger individuals. However, considering the limitations of evidence in the literature, the results need to be interpreted cautiously, and further studies may be required to explore clinical relevance after adjusting for possible modifying factors.
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