SynthesisOdontology2026
Effects of propolis-modified glass ionomer cement on antimicrobial activity and physico-mechanical properties: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Odontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of dry mouth lozenges on the surface morphology and color stability of restorative materials.Odontology · 2026Article
- Effects of Additive Incorporation on Fluoride Release of Orthodontic Glass Ionomer Cements and Adhesives: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Green-Synthesized titanium dioxide Nanoparticle-Modified glass ionomer cement: in vitro and in Silico assessment of Mechanical, Physical, and safety properties performance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Influence of Gold Nanoparticle Incorporation Into Glass Ionomer Cement on Fibroblast Metabolic Activity, Surface Roughness and Hardness.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Evaluating the remineralisation potential and clinical evidence of emerging biocompatible materials in restorative dentistry: a systematic review.Biomaterial investigations in dentistry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is valued in restorative dentistry for its chemical adhesion, fluoride release, and biocompatibility but has limitations in mechanical strength and long-term antibacterial activity. Propolis, a natural resin rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids, has shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a potential bioactive additive to improve GIC performance. This systematic review evaluates the effects of propolis-modified GIC on antimicrobial activity and physico-mechanical properties, while identifying optimal formulations and concentrations for clinical use. Special emphasis is placed on methodological heterogeneity, chemical characterization gaps, and future research needs. Publications up to the end of 2024 were included from the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024627498) and conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using the PICO framework. Propolis-modified GIC generally demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans, particularly at concentrations of 25-50%. Mechanical outcomes varied with concentration, with 25% often balancing antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical stability, while higher concentrations improved hardness but sometimes reduced compressive and bond strength. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in GIC brands, propolis sources, extraction techniques, and incorporation methods, limiting direct comparability. Most studies lacked detailed chemical characterization, making it unclear which flavonoids or phenolic compounds drive the observed effects. Yellow discoloration was the main reported esthetic change, with no studies assessing long-term color stability or translucency. Propolis-modified GIC is a promising bioactive restorative material with potential antimicrobial benefits. However, methodological weaknesses, heterogeneity in preparation, and absence of chemical and long-term esthetic evaluation limit the direct clinical applicability of current evidence. Standardized protocols for material preparation, bioactive component identification, and comprehensive testing of mechanical and esthetic properties are recommended to advance this field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.