Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41028063›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Drug-related problems and challenges encountered by pharmacists in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling during the covid-19 pandemic: a multi-center study.

Shamala Balan, Kavidha Mohan, Vanitha Hong Wee Liang, Hanis Hazwanie Ghazali, Chew Li Suan, Chong Chia Chee, Kong Wei En, Leana Fatimah Makhdzir, Nurul Syafiqah Samsuri, Nor Mazni Mohamad Tamyes and 11 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Shamala BalanPharmacy Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. shamala.balan@moh.gov.my.
Kavidha MohanPharmacy Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Vanitha Hong Wee LiangPharmacy Department, Hospital Selayang, Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Hanis Hazwanie GhazaliPharmacy Department, Hospital Sultan Idris Shah, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Chew Li SuanPharmacy Department, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Chong Chia CheePharmacy Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Kong Wei EnPharmacy Department, Hospital Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Leana Fatimah MakhdzirPharmacy Department, Hospital Kajang, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nurul Syafiqah SamsuriPharmacy Department, Hospital Banting, Banting, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nor Mazni Mohamad TamyesPharmacy Department, Hospital Tanjung Karang, Tanjung Karang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Juliana Nazlim LimPharmacy Department, Hospital Kuala Kubu Bharu, Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nur Amirah Mohd Noor AzamiPharmacy Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Jemaah Sabak Bernam, Sabak Bernam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Suhaili SamadKlang District Health Office, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Kiren Kaur Chut SinghPetaling District Health Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nurfareeza Nazir KhanGombak District Health Office, Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Siti Hajar ChamatiHulu Langat District Health Office, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nurdiana HassanHulu Selangor District Health Office, Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor, Malaysia.
Kuay Hue PingKuala Langat District Health Office, Banting, Selangor, Malaysia.
Farraha NordinKuala Selangor District Health Office, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia.
Lau Wai HoongSabak Bernam District Health Office, Sabak Bernam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Azlen Awatif Abu BakarSepang District Health Office, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pharmacists' counselling roles expanded significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet drug-related problems (DRPs) and challenges during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling remain underreported. The study aimed to characterise the DRPs and challenges encountered during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling by pharmacists in the central region of Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in government hospitals and primary care clinics involving patients who received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling from July to September 2022. The DRPs were adapted from a classification system for intermediate and long-term care settings. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. The study included 3,626 patients, aged 18 to 99 years (54.56 ± 17.66). Overall, 2,371 (65.39%) patients had at least one DRP. A total of 3,687 DRPs were identified across 22 types, primarily for drug-drug interactions (n = 2,158, 58.53%), and adverse drug reactions (ADR) (n = 1,019, 27.64%). A total of 1,988 patients (54.83%) had at least one pre-existing drug interacting with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. About 6.45% (n = 234) of patients discontinued nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, with 2.18% due to ADR. Overall, 2,775 challenges encountered during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling were recorded, mainly involving communication medium barrier (n = 1,446, 52.11%) and inability to contact patients (n = 1,164, 41.95%). The study highlighted prevalent DRPs and challenges in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling, emphasising personalised management and infrastructure improvements for optimal COVID-19 treatment.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCounselingCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsPharmacistsRitonavirAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesDrug InteractionsFemaleHumansMalaysiaAntiviral AgentsRitonavirChallengesCounsellingCOVID-19Drug interactionDrug-related problemsNirmatrelvir/ritonavir

Identifiers

PMID41028063
PMCPMC12484732

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.