Evidence mapPaperPMID 41029718Full record

ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2025

Gender differences in type 2 diabetes treatment and management: a qualitative study in an urban slum population from Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Ruchira Tabassum Naved, Aloka Talukder, K M Thouhidur Rahman, Sohel Choudhury, Rajiv Chowdhury, John Danesh, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Md Khalequzzaman, Md Alfazal Khan, Simon Griffin and 1 more

Abstract readComparative StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in International journal for equity in health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ruchira Tabassum NavedGender, Equity and Rights, Maternal and Child Health Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ruchira@icddrb.org.
Aloka TalukderGender, Equity and Rights, Maternal and Child Health Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
K M Thouhidur RahmanDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sohel ChoudhuryNational Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Rajiv ChowdhuryStempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
John DaneshBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Emanuele Di AngelantonioBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Md KhalequzzamanDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Alfazal KhanHealth Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Simon GriffinDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Nick Mascie-TaylorBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Funding

National Institute for Health Research IS-BRC-1215-20014UK Medical Research Council MR/P02811X/1University of Cambridge RG88576
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMore than 80 million South Asians are living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite increasing recognition that gender contributes to the prevention, treatment and outcomes of diseases, studies on gender and diabetes are scarce globally and particularly in impoverished and typically patriarchal settings, where gender hierarchies might be more pronounced. We explored how differences in gender roles, gendered access to, and control over resources, and social norms contribute to gender differences in treatment and management of T2D in an urban slum of Bangladesh.

methodsData were collected between January and April, 2021 from Bauniabadh slum in Dhaka city, Bangladesh using 8 Key Informant Interviews (KII) and 60 In-Depth Interviews (IDI), with equal numbers of women and men aged 35 years or more, and a confirmed diagnosis of T2D at least two years prior to the current study. Within and across gender analyses were performed. We used positive and negative deviance approaches to understand the factors underlying variation in treatment and management of T2D.

resultsIndividual, household and structural factors posed gendered challenges to management of T2D. Compared to men, women were more prone to financial and time constraints originating from rigid gender roles and discriminatory entitlements in the household and society. Women employed more coping strategies than men to deal with financial constraints when seeking medical treatment. Strong household financial status, relevant connections and support from the family underlied high-performance by men in the management of T2D. Household financial status was a necessary, but not sufficient condition for high-performance among women. In addition, women's economic empowerment, agency, voice and power appear to be key for optimising T2D management.

conclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of tailored programmes and policies for T2D to reduce gender inequities T2D management.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityPoverty AreasSex FactorsAdultBangladeshDisease ManagementFemaleGender EquityGender RoleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchBangladeshDiabetesGenderTreatment and managementType 2 diabetesUrban slum

Identifiers

PMID41029718
PMCPMC12487208

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.