ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
Generational effects in Down syndrome: Enriched environment enhances functionality without reducing Alzheimer's disease risk.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- miRNAs mediated Hsa21 gene suppression as potential therapeutic agent for Down syndrome: molecular dynamics and MM/PBSA-based study.Journal of molecular modeling · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDown syndrome (DS) is the leading cause of intellectual disability (ID) and a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We wanted to assess whether generational changes have induced (1) milder ID with greater independence and (2) delayed AD diagnosis.
methodsWe analyzed 681 asymptomatic DS to test generational effects on ID, functionality, and cognition. In 353 DS individuals with AD, we compared clinical diagnosis age by ID using analysis of variance. In addition, dementia diagnosis age was examined through a published meta-analysis.
resultsOur results indicate a generational shift toward a higher proportion of individuals with mild/moderate ID, greater intelligence, and autonomy. However, it was not paralleled by an ID-related delay in the age at AD onset in our cohort, or by generational delays reported over the past 35 years. DISCUSSION: The findings highlight notable generational improvements in DS, but no effects on the age at AD dementia diagnosis. HIGHLIGHTS: A generational effect has reduced the severity of intellectual disability in Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS have increased autonomy and improved intellectual milestones. The enriched environment has not delayed the age at Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in DS. Further studies should confirm if cognitive reserve might delay AD in DS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.