Evidence mapPaperPMID 41042286Full record

SynthesisInternational ophthalmology2025

SGLT2 inhibitors for delaying diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Saba Goodarzi, Faezah Soltani Abhari, Gelareh Azarinoush, Mohammd Ali Rafiei, Hessam Yousefian, Ehsan Heidari, Edris Ekramipour, Afshin Mirzaei, Kosar Namakin, Arman Shafiee

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Saba Goodarzi *Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Faezah Soltani Abhari *Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Gelareh AzarinoushSchool of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Mohammd Ali RafieiShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hessam YousefianShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ehsan HeidariShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Edris EkramipourSchool of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Afshin MirzaeiSchool of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Kosar NamakinShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arman ShafieeNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. armanshafieemd@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), necessitating effective interventions to prevent disease progression. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the potential role of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as predictive factors of DR.

methodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted up to December 8, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting DR outcomes among SGLT2 inhibitor users compared to other glucose-lowering therapies were included.

resultsSixteen cohort studies involving over 400,000 participants were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of DR progression compared to other treatments (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67-0.85; p < 0.001), despite substantial heterogeneity (I

conclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce the progression and incidence of diabetic retinopathy, underscoring their potential as a key component in comprehensive diabetes management. Further high-quality, long-term randomized trials are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathySodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsDisease ProgressionHumansSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsDiabetes complicationsDiabetic retinopathySGLT2 inhibitorsSodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41042286

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.