ReviewJournal of comparative effectiveness research2025
Estimating per-protocol effects in external comparator analyses using real-world data.
Review in Journal of comparative effectiveness research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Analysis of single arm trials complemented with external comparator arms (ECAs) may be used to support evidence of effectiveness of novel therapies in oncology research when a randomized trial is unavailable or unfeasible. However, the intention-to-treat effect, which is a common target of estimation in ECA studies, is difficult to interpret when there are differences in adherence between the trial and ECA. This paper describes an approach to estimation of per-protocol effects in ECA studies using the target trial emulation framework for study design and analysis based on the results from an exploratory case study (TBASEL). We highlight challenges, potential solutions and future opportunities from the perspectives of protocol specification, data suitability and analysis, to help guide future implementations of per-protocol effects in ECAs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.