Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal progenitor cells promote neurogenesis and functional recovery by attenuating neuroinflammation and via extracellular vesicles in a subacute stroke model.

Introduction: Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. The limited therapeutic window of current treatments underscores the need for alternative regenerative strategies. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are promising candidates for brain repair. However, the optimal timing of therapy and the mechanisms underlying its effects on ischemic stroke remain unclear. Methods: To evaluate their efficacy, NPCs were administered intravenously to a subacute stroke (day 7) rat model. The outcomes were determined by comparison with saline treatment using neurobehavioral assessments, infarct volume measurements, and molecular assays. In addition, NPC secretome profiling was performed to assess the underlying cellular mechanisms. Results: The NPC group showed significant improvement in motor function at 3 weeks post-injection ( Discussion: NPC administration during the subacute phase of stroke promoted functional recovery by promoting neurogenesis and modulating key survival pathways. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of NPCs as cell-based interventions for delayed stroke treatment and provide mechanistic insights into their reparative effects.