Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41053835›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2025

Potential synthetic associations created by epistasis.

Hai-Jun Liu, Jingxian Fu, Shuhua Xu, Magnus Nordborg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hai-Jun LiuYazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China. liuhaijun@yzwlab.cn.
Jingxian FuYazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
Shuhua XuState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Magnus NordborgGregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1030, Austria.

Funding

European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 847548National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC2605400National Natural Science Foundation of China 32030020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of synthetic associations in GWAS, where non-causal variants become significant by tagging multiple undetected causal variants and not necessarily in strong linkage disequilibrium with any single one, remains unexplored. We introduce a novel machine-learning approach using only genotype data to infer such associations in human GWAS. Our analysis reveals that 3-5% of GWAS Catalog peaks may represent potential synthetic associations, often arising from epistatic interactions between common variants rather than multiple rare variants acting independently. Our findings highlight the need for multi-locus models and emphasize careful GWAS interpretation and follow-up analyses like fine-mapping and trait prediction.

Indexed as

Epistasis, GeneticGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansLinkage DisequilibriumMachine LearningModels, GeneticPolymorphism, Single NucleotideEpistasisGWAS CatalogLogic gatesMachine learningSynthetic associations

Identifiers

PMID41053835
PMCPMC12498464

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.