ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2025
Investigating the association between incretin-based therapies and thyroid cancer incidence among US Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Multifaceted Nature of GLP-1: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Incretin-Based Therapy and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.AACE endocrinology and diabetesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPreclinical studies suggest a potential link between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and thyroid cancer (TC), yet it is unclear if this risk translates to humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe estimated the comparative effect of incretin-based therapies (GLP-1RA and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i)) versus sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on TC incidence among US older adults with type 2 diabetes. We defined TC as a thyroidectomy followed by ≥2 separate diagnoses codes for malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland within 90 days. We estimated adjusted 3-year cumulative risk differences of TC (aRDs) with 95% CIs using weighted Kaplan-Meier survival functions, and adjusted HRs using weighted Cox models.
resultsWe included 73 388 new users in the GLP-1RA versus SGLT-2i cohort (mean age 72.4 years, men: 48.3%) and 106 274 in the DPP-4i versus SGLT-2i cohort (mean age 74.6 years, men: 44.9%). At 3 years and a median duration of treatment of 0.82-1.15 years, the aRD for GLP-1RA versus SGLT-2i for TC was -23 per 10 000 (95% CI: -51 to 4) and the aRD for DPP-4i versus SGLT-2i was -2 per 10 000 (95% CI: -17 to 13). Secondary and sensitivity analyses were consistent.
conclusionsOur study of US Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes suggests that the initiation of incretin-based therapies may not increase the 3-year risk of TC compared with initiation of SGLT-2i. This finding offers reassurance for short-term use but does not eliminate the possibility of increased long-term or subtype-specific risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.