ArticleBMJ health & care informatics2025
Characteristics and risk factors of patients with undiagnosed COPD in China: results of a nationwide study from the 'Happy Breathing' Programme with mixed methods evaluation.
Article in BMJ health & care informatics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04318912 (An Observational Registry Study for Management of COPD Patients in China), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Observational Registry Study for Management of COPD Patients in China
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Incidence of acute exacerbation and its related factors among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients aged 40 years and older in China.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDue to the big disease burden of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we aimed to investigate the differences in the characteristics and risk factors of patients with undiagnosed COPD in China.
methodsWe used data from the 'Happy Breathing' Programme through April 2023. Current study is a cohort design. Participants were divided into high risk, undiagnosed and diagnosed COPD. Univariate logistic regression, lasso regression, decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting machine were used to screen the variables. Comparisons were conducted between undiagnosed and patients with diagnosed COPD.
resultsA total of 1603 high-risk, 4688 undiagnosed and 1634 patients with diagnosed COPD were identified. Patients with undiagnosed COPD had the lowest level of education, the poorest COPD-related knowledge and most biofuel users compared with high-risk populations and diagnosed patients (p<0.001). After multivariable logistic regression analysis, COPD-related knowledge score (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.97), COPD Assessment Test Score (OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02) and modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.39) remained significant. Analysis of follow-up data showed that patients with undiagnosed COPD had lighter symptoms and experienced less acute exacerbations than diagnosed patients (p<0.001). DISCUSSION: Most patients with COPD remain undiagnosed until they feel dyspnoea or hospitalisation due to acute exacerbation. Undiagnosed COPD contributes significantly to the disease burden.
conclusionIn China, patients with undiagnosed COPD were poorly educated, consumed more biofuels, smoked more and had limited COPD-related knowledge. Patients with undiagnosed COPD are also at risk of acute exacerbation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04318912.
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