ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Tracing the evolution of polypharmacy and contraindicated drug‒drug interactions in people living with HIV in Belgium.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Prevalence and Severity of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: People living with HIV (PWH) are more likely to develop comorbid conditions, which increases the likelihood of polypharmacy and potentially harmful drug-drug interactions (DDIs). As antiretroviral (ARV) therapies evolve, the nature and frequency of these interactions also change, highlighting the need for continued vigilance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the University Hospital of Liège (Belgium). We collected and analysed antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), comedications, and demographic and clinical data from 2017 to 2022. We used the University of Liverpool HIV drug interaction database to identify contraindicated red-flag interactions. Results: We observed a significant and continuous increase in the use of non-ARV medications in our cohort. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) remained common and usually involved a boosted ARV regimen. The number of red-flag DDIs decreased over time after 2017 for several reasons including switching to unboosted ARV regimens. Topical steroids and proton pump inhibitors were the drugs most frequently involved in contraindicated DDIs among the comedications. Conclusion: Polypharmacy in people living with HIV (PWH) is a growing concern. Although the level of contraindicated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) has decreased over time, it remains a significant issue. Active monitoring and the implementation of alert systems can help clinicians mitigate the risk of such interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.