ArticleBMC public health2025
Trends in the global burden of childhood meningitis between 1990 and 2021 and projections to 2035: based on the global burden of diseases database 2021.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Burden of Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Evolving Epidemiology and Implications for Prevention Policy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Trends in Meningitis Burden and Projections to 2040: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Incidence of Neonatal Meningitis and the Premature Mortality in Eastern Sub-saharan Africa, From 1990 to 2023: A Global Burden of Diseases Study.Sage open pediatricsArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to assess trends in the incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of meningitis in children aged 0-14 years between 1990 and 2021 worldwide.
methodsThis study analysed the incidence, mortality and DALYs of meningitis in children aged 0-14 years in 204 countries between 1990 and 2021 and used a mixed effects regression model to calculate the average annual percentage change. The Markov chain Monte Carlo method was used to quantify uncertainty (95% uncertainty interval).
resultsIn 2021, the global incidence of meningitis in children aged 0-14 years was 66.24 per 100,000, and the mortality rate was 5.59 per 100,000. Between 1990 and 2021, the global incidence decreased by 282.70%, and the mortality rate decreased by 310.8%. The incidence and mortality rates were highest in neonates and children aged 1-5 months, at 1,185.02 per 100,000 and 541.35 per 100,000, respectively. According to the socio-demographic index (SDI) stratifications, low SDI areas have the heaviest burden. Pathogen analysis showed that the main pathogens causing meningitis in children aged 0-14 years worldwide in 2021 included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, of which S. pneumoniae caused 1.69632 million DALYs, N. meningitidis caused 1.41484 million DALYs and K. pneumoniae caused 1.19393 million DALYs. By 2035, N. meningitidis will become the main pathogen.
conclusionThe burden of meningitis in children has decreased significantly worldwide, but those in low-income areas and newborns still face severe challenges. Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis and K. pneumoniae are the main pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.