SynthesisJournal of oral & facial pain and headache2025
Global prevalence of temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of oral & facial pain and headache, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07514208 (Pericranial and General Sensitivity in Patients With Primary Headache), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pericranial and General Sensitivity in Patients With Primary Headache: a Multicenter Case-control Study
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative effectiveness of nonpharmacological therapies for adult myogenic temporomandibular disorders: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Advanced, pharmacological and complementary interventions for chronic or recurrent orofacial pain conditions: a systematic evidence map with selective meta-analyses.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Pooled it
- Association between khat chewing and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Temporomandibular Disorders Diagnosis: Current Challenges and the Promising Role of Artificial Intelligence.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Neural Mechanisms and Brain Alterations in Orofacial Pain: A Narrative Review of Human Neuroimaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical Findings Related to Temporomandibular Disorders in Schoolchildren Aged 4-16 Years: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- The Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Glia in Animal Models of Chronic Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- "Prospective Clinical Validation of an Optimized TMD Screening Tool: Results of a Two-Stage Validation Process".Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Temporomandibular Disorders in Healthcare Professionals: The Role of Shift Work, Oral Parafunctions, and Psychological Distress.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Self-Reported Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms and Related Knowledge Among Polish Opera Singers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Age modifies the association between oral behaviors and orofacial pain in painful TMD patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Validation of Two Diagnostic Tools for the Screening of Temporomandibular Disorder.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Temporomandibular Disorder-like Pain in Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Motor Symptom Severity and Disability Levels.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Observational
- Latent profiles of oral health-related quality of life in temporomandibular disorders: implications for nurse-led stratified care.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Temporomandibular disorder as an indicator of altered physiological stress reactivity: a highly standardized experimental protocol.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Masticatory Function in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Arthralgia: A Pilot Clinical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Temporomandibular disorders prevalence and associated factors among adolescents in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a school-based cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Reduced cartilage matrix stiffness in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis impairs the functions of superficial zone chondrocytes via downregulation of CREB5-PLPP3 signaling.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the global prevalence and characteristics of a given health problem is essential for sizing its global and regional burden, estimating treatment needs, prioritizing healthcare services, and formulating targeted policies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by gender, age, and continent, and the prevalence of specific categories such as myalgia, arthralgia, clicking/joint sounds, and limited mouth opening.
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted across three databases-PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science and supplemented by manual search up to June 2024. TMD diagnoses were based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) or Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD).
resultsThe database search yielded 15,628 records, from which 27 studies involving 20,971 subjects, including 6075 diagnosed with TMDs, were selected for final analysis. All meta-analyses utilized a random effects model. It is estimated that nearly a third of the global population (29.5%) suffers from TMDs. TMDs affected females at a significantly higher rate compared to males (36.7% versus 26.7%), representing a 1.75-fold greater likelihood among females. Prevalence among individuals under 18 years of age is 38.5%, compared to 34.1% in those 18 and older. TMDs are most prevalent in Europe (33.8%), followed by Asia (27.9%) and South America (27.3%); the lowest prevalence was in North America (19.4%). The most frequently reported signs and symptoms of TMDs are myalgia (37.2%), clicking/joint sounds (29.8%), and arthralgia (16.8%), with limited mouth opening/locking being the least prevalent (8.1%).
conclusionsTMDs represent a significant and largely unrecognized health burden. Although conducting further primary studies is urgent for confirmation, this current research underscores that TMDs might constitute a silent epidemic that has not garnered the urgent attention it deserves from healthcare providers, the local community, and researchers. THE PROSPERO REGISTRATION: PROSPERO number is CRD42024583777.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.