ArticleScience advances2025
Generation of vascularized retinal organoids containing microglia based on a PDMS microwell platform.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Organoids: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- Immunoids: Building immunocompetent organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.Cell stem cell · 2026Review
- Redefining ocular safety assessment: retinal organoids as platforms for predicting human ocular toxicology.Genes & genomics · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation in glaucoma: a myriad of cellular pathways and players.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Review
- Retinal organoids: current status of development and new avenues for application in disease modeling, drug discovery and therapeutics.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Recreating the human brain: Are assembloids merely descriptive models?Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Application of stem cells in the precise diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retinal organoids (ROs) offer a biomimetic in vitro model for investigating human retinal development and disease. However, current ROs face several limitations, such as the absence of vascular networks and microglial cells (MGs). Here, we developed a vascularized retinal organoids (vROs) model by coculturing vascular organoids (VOs) with ROs in a V-bottom polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microwell platform. Through coculturing for 30 to 120 days, we observed the presence of tubular blood vessels at the center of vROs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the vascularization in ROs was associated with angiogenesis and immune response. Furthermore, we observed that MGs in VOs migrated and integrated into the vROs as VOs and ROs fused, with the vROs exhibiting responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. The vROs expressed tight junction protein claudin-5 and displayed similar characteristics to the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). These vRO models, which incorporate vascular structures and MGs, provide an alternate avenue for retinal vascular disease research and hold promise for future clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.